User Classification Based on Their Behavior During the Viat-Map Reconstruction

The number of steps and the duration of time taken when solving problems can be considered as a representation of students' learning behavior and their comprehension efforts. Learning analytics is a process to monitor students' thinking process and can be strong evidence to support teachers' goals in the classroom. Viatmap is an application that implements Toulmin's Argumentation concept and reconstruction approach. It will help students to think logically by following the teacher's logic, and it shows a positive contribution to the learning process. The reconstruction process used in Viat-map also offers immediate evaluation of students' errors. However, there are challenges that arise in Viat-map's evaluation of students' learning process, as the reconstruction process requires students to have the correct answer to complete the learning process. In this way, a new approach of using student behavior to determine the level of student understanding is offered. This study involved 105 students divided into 58 students from the previous study (2023) and 47 students this year (2024) to identify student behavior while using Viat-map. K-Means clustering was chosen for its ability to perform unsupervised clustering, ANOVA was used to compare more than two groups, and post-hoc was used to determine significant differences between groups that had been identified through ANOVA. The results show that the number of steps taken, and the time spent in the learning process can be considered as positive indicators of student behavior in the learning process.